遗产酌给制度的性质、确立基础及其适用

The Attribution, Basis and Application of Legacy Discretion Distribution

遗产酌给是法定继承人以外的人根据法律规定可以请求分得遗产的制度。法律仅赋予遗产酌给对象以请求权、非受酌给人以当然分配权。该请求权产生基础是扶养之事实,扶养之事实产生的遗产酌给之债是与合同之债、遗赠之债、遗赠扶养协议之债等处于同等地位。遗产酌给之债中,受酌给人是债权人、被继承人是债务人。遗产酌给制度的设立基础来自历史文化传承思想、死后扶养思想、被继承人意志推测理论、继承制度补充思想以及照顾、奖励、补偿思想等多种思想的交集。

'Legacy Discretion Distribution' means a regime of someone outside the legal heirs may request the share of the legacy according to the law. The law only empowers the claim to eligible receivers and the certain distribution right to the ineligible receiver. The basis of the claim is the fact of maintaining. Obligation of legacy discretion distribution caused by the fact of maintaining has equal status with contractual obligation, bequest obligation, obligation of maintenance agreement by will, and so on. With respect to legacy discretion distribution obligation, eligible receiver is creditor, while the decedent is debtor. The thought of the legacy discretion distribution comes from the traditional inheritance culture, postmortem maintaining ideology, decedent's will conjectural theory and care, reward, compensation considerations, etc.