不同风信子品种在云南昆明地区的物候期及生长特性分析

Analysis of Phenophase and Growth Characteristics of Different Cultivars of Hyacinthus orientalis L. in Kunming

本研究对11个风信子（Hyacinthus orientalis L.）品种在云南昆明地区的物候期、观赏特性和生长状况进行了调查分析。结果表明：11个风信子品种出苗期最早在1月中旬,多数品种的出苗期在1月中下旬,盛花期最早出现在2月上旬,最晚出现于2月下旬。各品种的单花序开花持续时间和群体开花持续时间差别较大,分别为9-20d和17-27d。风信子花均具有非常浓烈的香味,花色丰富艳丽,观赏性强,株高介于17.87-24.60cm,花序高8.63-12.77cm,花序花朵数24-49朵。多数品种的叶片数为6或7,叶片长19.13-26.50cm,宽2.63-3.43cm,各品种籽球分生能力差异较大,浅色品种分生能力大于深色品种,分生率为222%-814%。大部分风信子品种能够适应昆明气候条件,采收后正常种球率能够超过80%。30%水分基质纱网袋包装或者15%水分打孔袋包装籽球是对风信子夏眠储存的较好方法。

TThe phenophase, ornamental traits, growth status and estivated condition of eleven cultivars of Hyacinthus orientalis L. in Kunming were investigated and analyzed in this study. The investigation results show that among the different cultivars, the earliest seedling stage was middle January, and the most cultivars＇ seedling stages were middle or late January. The earliest flowering stage was early February and the latest flowering stage was late February. Among the different cultivars, flowering period of per inflorescence and group were 9-20d and 17-27d, respectively. Hyacinthus orientalis L.is a kind of flowers with strong,beautiful color and high ornamental value. The height of plantsranged from 17.87cm to 24.60cm, inflorescence height ranged from 8.63cm to12.77cm, flower number of per inflorescence ranged from 24 to 49. Leaf number of most cultivars was six or seven, leaf length ranged frome 19.13cm to 26.50cm and width 2.63-3.43cm. The ability of bulb propagation was different among different cultivars. Ability of bulb propagation of light color cultivars was stronger than that of dark color cultivars, and the bulb propagation rate ranged from 222% to 814%. Most cultivars can adapt to climate conditions in Kunming. The better method of estivated condition was 30% moisture matrix in Yarn mesh bag or 15% moisture matrix in plastic bag.