离子注入莲种子诱变培育新品种的研究

Reseach on Mutation Breeding New Varieties with Ion Implantation of Lotus Seeds

以不同的离子和不同的能量对7个品种的莲种子进行了注入,经过催芽和栽种,连续几年观察了对各离子注入组营养生长和生殖生长的诱变效应,并对其中一部分品种进行了RAPD分子检测。结果发现,离子注入的7个品种的表型均发生了不同情况的变异,包括株型、叶的直径、颜色、花冠数、花色、花期、雄蕊附属物颜色、雌蕊数目或种子的大小等。而且各个品种诱变产生的变异特征都经过3-5年以上能够比较稳定的遗传,已经形成了与各自对照有明显不同特点的突变体。RAPD分析表明,10个随机引物对各个突变体扩增结果显示:离子注入引起了莲的基因组发生变异,诱变产生的突变体出现了一些辐照敏感位点,主要表现为扩增片段的减少和增加,扩增片段分子量的变化,以及扩增谱带颜色深浅的变化。

7 species of lotus seeds are implanted with different ions. The seeds have been sprouted and planted to observe the mutagenic effects of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. RAPD molecular detection is conducted. Results show that after ion implantation, phenotype vary among the 7 varieties in different degree, including plant type, the diameter of the leaf, colors, the number of corolla, flowering period, stamens appendages color, number of pistil or seed size, etc. And variation characteristics of every variety mutation can be inherited steadily after 3 to 5 years, the mutants which were significantly different characteristics with their own controls has been formed. 10 random primers for each mutant amplification results showed that ion implantation caused the lotus genome mutate, mutation of mutants appeared some irradiation sensitive sites, showing mainly decrease and increase of the amplified fragments, the changes of molecular weight of amplified fragments and amplification band color depth changes.