典型土壤持久性有机污染物空间分布特征及环境行为研究进展

A review on spatial distribution and environmental behavior of typical persistent organic pollutants in soil

持久性有机污染物(POPs)由于具有致癌性、致畸性和致突变效应的"三致性",近年来已经越来越受到人们的关注.本文综合分析了有机氯农药(OCPs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、二英类(PCDD/Fs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)及多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)等几种典型土壤持久性有机污染物的空间分布特征.同时,对土壤POPs的挥发作用、吸附/解吸、迁移、生物降解、化学降解等环境行为进行了深入分析,并指出了这些环境行为的影响因素,包括POPs的物质属性、土壤理化性质及周围环境等共性影响因素及其它因素.此外,针对国内外研究现状中存在的问题,提出了相关建议,指出控制土壤POPs污染的根本手段在于管理措施的完善.

Persistent organic pollutants（ POPs） have attracted a great deal of attention due to their severe toxicities（ carcinogenicity,teratogenicity,mutagenicity）. This paper reviews the spatial distribution of several typical soil POPs including organochorine pesticides（ OCPs）,polychlorinated biphenyls（ PCBs）,dioxins（ PCDD / Fs）,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs） and polybrominated diphenyl ethers（ PBDEs）. This paper also analyses the typical environmental behaviors of soil POPs such as remobilized volatilization,adsorption / desorption,migration,biodegradation and chemical degradation. The environmental behaviors are controlled by POPs chemical properties,soil physicochemical properties,surrounding environment and so on. Finally,according to the current state of research on soil POPs,some suggestions are provided. The main emphasis is placed on the improvement of management measures which is the fundamental means for soil POPs control.