我国《刑法》第13条“但书”的司法适用分析

On the Judicial Application of the “Proviso” in Article 13 in Chinese Criminal Law

"但书"司法适用的现状暴露出令人担忧的问题,归结起来,集中表现在两个方面:一是"但书"司法适用少,作为支撑无罪司法判决的法律依据引用得更少;二是"但书"司法适用不统一、不协调。目前,论证和阐明"但书"司法适用的必要性和可行性是当务之急。从必要性角度分析,传统犯罪构成理论体系的完善需要出罪机制的建立,它是刑事诉讼法适用的内在需要和实体前提。从可行性角度分析,它是刑法总则统率、指导分则的内在要求和具体体现,是法律规范基本构造发挥效用、保持生命力的重要体现,具有司法解释的合法性保障和认可依据。据此,可从程序和实体两个维度构建"但书"的司法适用路径,使其在司法实践中发挥实效。

Some worrying problems have been exposed in the present judicial application of the “proviso”. In general, they show in two aspects： first, there＇s a little judicial application of the “proviso” and less application as legal basis supporting acquittals; second, the “proviso” does not have unified and coordinated judicial application. Thus, to demonstrate and clarify the necessity and feasibility of the proviso＇ s judicial application is the top priority. To analyze from the perspective of necessity, the improvement of traditional theory system of crime constitution needs to set up impunity mechanism, which is the internal need and entity premise of the application of criminal procedural law. To analyze from the perspective of feasibility, it is the internal requirement and concrete manifestation of the general principles and specific instructions of criminal law; it is the embodiment that the fundamental construction of legal norm function and keep vitality; also it has legal assurance and recognition from judicial interpretation. Accordingly, we can build the path of judicial application the proviso from two dimensions of procedure and entity to maintain its effectiveness in judicial practice.