打比方在幼儿园语言教学中的应用

The Using of Analogy in Language Teaching in Kindergartens

3-6岁幼儿处于语言发展的关键期,这一阶段的幼儿认知结构中知觉成分占主导,其思维方式表现为直观形象思维。打比方是幼儿园语言教学中常用的一种方法,这种方法对幼儿具有重要的语言教育价值:打比方为幼儿创造良好的语言环境,有助于其语言的习得;打比方符合幼儿思维发展特点,有益于其学习支架的搭建。在幼儿园语言教学中运用打比方具体体现为:打比方以幼儿已有生活经验为支架加深幼儿记忆,化未知为已知;依靠灵活多变的教学方法激发幼儿兴趣,化抽象为具体;创设具体情境降低知识难度,化深奥为浅显;寓创造于活动之中活跃课堂氛围,化平淡为生动。幼儿园教师在语言教学过程中,要善于巧妙运用打比方,如此方能产生好的教学效果。

Children are in the critical period of language development when they are 3- 6 years old when the perception of their cognitive structure dominates and their way of thinking is intuitive and visual. Analogy is commonly used in nursery language teaching.This approach is consistent with the requirements of early childhood language acquisition and can meet the requirements of the characteristics of early childhood intellectual development,comply with the requirements of characteristics of early childhood learning transfer and meet the developing process of the evolution of human language. Using analogy is very important in language teaching in the kindergarten： it depends on children＇s life experience as a scaffold to promote their memories and turn the unknown into the known. It relies on flexible teaching methods to stimulate children＇s interest and turn the abstract into the concrete. It creates specific situation to reduce the difficulty of knowledge and turn the esoteric into the plain. It embodies creativity in activities to animate the atmosphere of classroom teaching and turn the dull into the dramatic. Kindergarten teachers should be good at using analogy to improve the effect in the process of language teaching.