云南城市空巢老人养老模式选择意愿的实证研究

Research on Urban Empty-nest Elderliness Preferential Choices of Endowment Pattern in Yunnan

随着老龄化进程的加快,家庭的空巢化日趋严重,空巢老人的养老问题已经成为社会面临的重要问题。本文以昆明市、丽江市、红河哈尼族彝族自治州、德宏景颇族傣族自治州首府所在市及市辖县的空巢老人为对象,采用自制调查问卷,对509名空巢老人就养老模式选择意愿进行了调查,结果表明:有71.2%的老人愿意选择家庭养老,15.9%的老人愿意选择社区居家养老,12.9%的老人愿意选择机构养老;婚姻状况、居住方式、儿女情况、健康水平、自理能力、医疗条件、生活环境、精神慰藉对云南城市空巢老人养老模式的选择有显著差异;而性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、工作单位、经济收入、住房条件、与子女住地的远近、文体活动对云南城市空巢老人养老模式选择无显著差异。

With the acceleration of the aging process, the empty nest tendency is getting increas- ingly serious. Endowment issue of empty-nest elderliness has become an important problem of the society. This paper takes the empty-nest elderliness from Kunming, Lijiang and capital city of Honghe and Dehong as study objects, investigating the choice of endowment pattern of 509 empty- nest elderliness by means of self-designed questionnaire. The results show that 71.2% of the emp- ty nest elderliness prefer family endowment, 15.9% of the empty nest elderliness prefer commu- nity endowment, 12.9% of the empty nest elderliness prefer institution endowment. The results also reveal that marital status, living patterns, children, health, self-care ability, medical condi- tions, living environment and spiritual wellness have remarkable effect on the choice of endowment pattern for urban empty-nest elderliness in Yunnan Province, while gender, age, nationality, culture degree, working unit, income, housing condition, distance with children, recreational and sports activity have no obvious effect on choice of endowment pattern of urban empty-nest eld- erliness in Yunnan Province.