人地关系视角下的农村土地制度改革

Reform of Rural Land System in the Perspective of Man-land Relationship

土地是农业生产中最重要的生产资料,也是农民生产生存的根本。随着生产力的发展,旧的土地制度不再适应社会发展时就会被新的土地制度所取代。通过对新中国成立后我国土地改革、农业合作化、人民公社运动、家庭联产承包责任制4次土地制度改革的梳理,发现土地制度改革的本质都是为了通过制度改革来缓解或消除人地矛盾,土地流转就是在此背景下的一次重大土地制度改革创新。基于此,提出农村土地制度改革应注重农民的需求和切身利益,把握人地关系的平衡点,并从农地所有权和农民权益保障、农地交易市场和成本、土地流转制度和土地功能3个方面提出农村土地制度改革的策略,最终使人地和谐相处,实现农业现代化。

The land is the most important means of production for agricultural production and farmers＇ production and living. With productivity of development, old land system no longer adapted social development, on will was new of land system by replaced. Through land reform, agricultural cooperation, after the founding of the people＇s commune movement, the household contract responsibility system four times a sort of land reform, finds the essence of land reform which is to reform to relieve or eliminate the contradiction between people and land, land circulation is a great innovation of land system reform in this context. Based on this, the author proposed rural land reform should focus on the needs and interests of farmers, hold the balance of man-land relationship, and from agricultural land ownership and protecting the rights and interests of farmers, agricultural trading markets and costs, land transfer and land features three aspects of proposed rural land reform policies. Ultimately, it makes people to live in harmony with land and the realization of agricultural modernization.