国外国家公园管理模式

Research on Management Models of Foreign National Parks

针对近年来自然遗产管理领域的热点——国家公园管理模式,将国外国家公园管理实践中采纳的管理模式分为4类,即:以树立国家认同为核心的中央政府管理模式、以自然游憩娱乐为驱动的协作共治共管模式、以自然保护运动为发端的属地自治管理模式和以自然生态旅游为导向的可持续发展管理模式,按照管理模式的构建动力、实施路径和推进阻力这一三维分析框架对这4种代表性管理模式进行梳理和归纳,并阐述了国外的模式经验对构建我国国家公园管理模式的启示.

The research on the management models of national parks has always been a hot issue in the field of natural heritage management in recent years.Based on the management experience of the foreign national parks,this paper generalizes four typical management models,which are centralization management model based on national identity building,co-management model driven by citizens＇ recreations,self-management model started from nature conservation and sustainable management model oriented by ecological tourism.These four models are further studied in detail by using an analytical framework of constructing forces,implementation means and developing resistances.At last,this paper presents the inspiration of the foreign experience for constructing the management models of China＇s national parks.