云南干热河谷人工林地表甲虫群落

Communities of Ground-dwelling Beetles in Plantation Forests in Arid-hot Valleys of Yunnan

为研究云南干热河谷不同人工林地表甲虫多样性及其在生境恢复中的指示作用,采用陷阱法调查了元谋县境内7种人工林的地表甲虫群落。结果表明,(1)物种组成:云南干热河谷人工林地表甲虫群落有14科27种446头,种类最丰富的是步甲科(Carabidae),有7种;其次是叶甲科(Chrysomelidae)和金龟子科(Scarabaeidae),均为3种;个体数最丰富的是长朽木甲科(Melandryidae),有197头,其次是锯谷盗科(Silvanidae)和金龟子科,分别有61头和57头。(2)多度和多样性:7种人工林中,印楝—大叶相思林地表甲虫多度最高,印楝—合欢林和印楝林次之,膏桐—新银合欢林最低;从多样性来看,桉树林、印楝林、印楝—大叶相思林和印楝—合欢林等4种地表甲虫物种数十分接近,显著高于膏桐—新银合欢林的甲虫物种数;7种人工林之间地表甲虫群落相似性较低,β多样性较高。(3)地表甲虫多样性与植物多样性间的相关性:人工林地表甲虫群落多样性与其生境的植物多样性显著相关,能够指示植物多样性。可见,云南干热河谷印楝—大叶相思林具有最高的地表甲虫多度和较高的多样性,对当地生物多样性保护具有十分积极的意义,是良好的恢复模式;桉树林、印楝林和印楝—合欢林具有相对高的多度或多样性,群落间相似性较低,对提高区域生物多样性具有积极作用;膏桐—新银合欢林具有极低的地表甲虫多度和多样性,恢复状况不佳。

In order to reveal the diversity and bio-indieation role of ground-dwelling beetles in resto- ration in arid-hot valleys of Yunnan, investigation of above-ground beetles was carried out by pitfall trappings in 7 plantations in Yuanmou County, Yunnan, China. （ 1 ） Species composition： 446 bee- tle individuals were collected, representing 14 families, 27 species. Among them, Carabidae was the most abundant in species level; with 7 species were collected, followed by Chrysomelidae and Scar- abaeidae, with 3 species collected, respectively. Melandryidae had the most captured individuals （ 197）, followed by Silvanidae （61） and Scarabaeidae （57）. （2） Abundance and diversity： Aza- dirachta indica--Acacia auriculiformis plantation was the highest among all 7 plantations in terms of the beetle abundance, followed by Azadirachta indica--Leucaena leucocephala or Acacia glauca plantation and Azadirachta indica plantation, and Jatropha curcas--Leucaena leucocephala plantation had the lowest beetle individuals. However, there was no significant difference of species richness among the plantations, except for Jatropha curcas--Leucaena leucocephala plantation, which was also the lowest. The community species composition of ground-dwelling beetles was similar among all planta- tions, indicating higher 13 diversity. （3） The relationship between ground-dwelling beetle diversity and vegetation diversity： there was positive relationship between ground-dwelling beetle diversity and vegetation diversity, which suggested the bioindication role for vegetation diversity. Azadirachta indi- ca--Acacia auriculiformis plantation was the highest among all plantations regardless abundance and species richness, which indicated that this plantation have positive role in local biodiversity protection, and should be selected as a good restoration model. Eucalyptus spp. plantation, Azadirachta indica plantation and Azadirachta indica--Leucaena leucocephala or Acacia glauca plantation also had certain role in increasing the biodiversity in regional level, owing to their different species composition. Jatropha curcas--Leucaena leucocephala plantation was not an ideal restoration model from the biodiversity protection view.