陕南卷丹10个野生种群数量性状变异分析

Diversity in wild populations of Lilium lancifolium native to southern Shaanxi Province

为揭示陕南地区卷丹Lilium lancifolium野生种群的表型变异程度和规律,以该区10个有代表性的卷丹野生种群,每个种群30个个体为试材,对其茎、叶、花的茎粗、叶片数、着花量等16个数量性状指标进行方差分析、相关性分析及聚类分析,探讨种群间及种群内表型多样性的变异特点.结果表明：①卷丹数量性状在种群间和种群内均存在一定程度的变异,不同性状的平均变异系数为2.07％（花丝长）～35.38％（着花量）,种群间的平均变异系数为7.52％（汉台区天台山乡种群）～17.18％（城固县石槽河乡种群）.②相关性分析表明,着花量（r=0.684,P＜0.05,n=10）,外瓣宽长比（r=0.651,P＜0.05,n=10）,柱头宽（r=0.729,P＜0.05,n=10）与海拔高度有显著正相关性,中部叶宽长比（r=-0.743,P＜0.05,n=10）,花丝长（r=-0.795,P＜0.01,n=10）与海拔高度有显著负相关性;且茎秆高度（r=-0.733,P＜0.01,n=10）,叶片数（r=-0.718,P＜0.01,n=10）,着花量（r=0.752,P＜0.01,n=10）与生境有显著正相关性,上部叶宽长比（r=-0.707,P＜0.05,n=10）,内瓣宽长比（r=-0.681,P＜0.05,n=10）与生境有显著负相关性;③Q聚类分析显示,陕南地区10个卷丹野生种群可以初步分为2组,汉台区天台山乡种群单独为一组.

To reveal the phenotypic variation of wild Lilium lancifolium and to determine variation in characteristics of phenotypic diversity within and among populations,three stem characters,five leaf characters and eight flower characters in 30 plants from each of 10 populations in L.lancifolium native to southern Shaanxi Province were chosen as materials based on field investigations and analysis of the natural population.Analysis of variance,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis were carried out for 16 quantitative traits,such as stem diameter,blade number,flower number and so on.Results indicated （1） the average variation coefficient varied from 2.1％ （length of filament） to 35.4％ （number of flowers）,and the average coefficient of variation among populations ranged between 7.5％ （populations native to Tiantaishan Town in Hantai County） and 17.2％（populations native to Shicaohe Town in Chenggu County）.（2） The correlation analysis showed that altitude was significantly and positively correlated to quantitative traits of flower number （r=0.684,P＜0.05,n=10）,width-length ratio of outside petals （r=0.651,P＜0.05,n=10） and width of stigmas （r=0.729,P＜0.05,n=10）,and was significantly and negatively correlated to width-length ratio of middle leaves （r=-0.743,P＜0.05,n=10） and filament length （r=-0.795,P＜0.01,n=10）.Habitat was significantly and positively correlated to quantitative traits of stem height （r=0.733,P＜0.01,n=10）,blade number （r=0.718,P＜0.01,n=10） and flower nunber （r=0.752,P＜0.01,n=10）,and was significantly and negatively correlated to width-length ratio of top leaves （r=-0.707,P＜0.05,n=10） and width-length ratio of inside petals （r=-0.681,P＜0.05,n=10）.（3） The cluster analysis showed that the 10 wild populations could be divided into two groups with the population native to Tiantaishan Town in Hantai County forming one cluster.These findings offer basic data for further studies on genetic breeding and conservation biology of this species.