上海市老年人长期照护需求研究——以长宁区为例

Analysis of the demand for long-term care among elderly people in Changning District in Shanghai

目的：了解上海市长宁区老年人长期照护需求。方法：运用日常生活能力（ADL）量表和长期照护需求调研问卷对长宁区所管辖的3个居委会的所有60岁及以上的老年人进行问卷调查，共得到有效问卷1665份。结果：在长期照护服务需求的研究中，27.57%老年人需要生活帮助服务，15.56%的老年人需要心理护理服务，25.47%的老年人需要慢性病护理服务，23.00%的老年人需要康复护理，18.50%的老年人需要长期卧床护理服务，19.40%的老年人选择其他医疗专业护理服务。在需要长期照护服务的老年人中，有20%-55%的老年人因经济无力承担而得不到相关的服务。随着年龄和自理能力的下降，老年人对长期护理需求的6个方面的需求都有所增加（OR〉1），患有慢性病的老年人对长期护理需求更大；独居老人相对于与子女同住的老人对心理护理、慢性病护理、康复护理的需求更大（OR〈1），学历较低的老人对长期照护服务需求相对较高。结论：政府应加大对高龄、独居、低收入的老年人的保障，建立完善的长期护理保障制度。

Objective：To understand the demand for long-term care among elderly people in Changning District in Shanghai.Methods：Activities of daily living（ADL） scale and questionnaire of demand for long-term care were conducted among all elderly people of 60 years old and above from three neighborhood committees. A total of 1 665 effective questionnaire were gotten.Results：Among all the interviewees,27.57% of elderly people demanded help for daily life,15.56% called for mental nursing,25.47% hoped they could get nursing for chronic diseases,23.00% demanded rehabilitation nursing,18.50% wanted nursing for long-term care,and 19.40% chose other medical nursing care. Among elderly people who needed long-term care,20%-55% did not receive long-term care since they could not afford it. With increase of age and decrease of self-care ability,the elderly demand more long-term care（OR〉1）. Elderly people with chronic diseases had more demand for long-term care. Compared with elderly people who lived with their sons or daughters,the elderly people who lived alone called for more in mental nursing,chronic diseases nursing and rehabilitation nursing（OR〈1）. Elderly people with low level of education,low monthly income from endowment insurance and low monthly household expenditure had more demand in long-term care.Conclusion：The government should improve the security of long-term care for elderly people who are oldest-old,living alone and having low income. Meanwhile,the government is suggested to establish perfect long-term care system.