黄土塬地区聚能激发技术研究

The Technology Research on Shaped Charge Excitation Used in Loess Tableland Region

黄土塬是中国特有的地貌结构,黄土塬地区石油资源丰富,开发潜力巨大,但复杂的表层地震地质条件严重制约了这类地区的石油勘探步伐。黄土塬干燥、疏松、巨厚的表层黄土结构对地震波能量产生强烈的吸收、衰减作用,以及黄土层下覆的高速层对地震波的屏蔽作用都使得地震波能量难以向下传导,从而造成了地震资料干扰波发育严重,信噪比极低等问题,针对这些问题,从增加下传能量入手,开展对新型激发震源的研究,主要研究内容包括常规炸药局限性研究、新型聚能炸药的研发与应用研究等。实验证明,新型的聚能炸药及聚能组合激发方式极大地增加了能量下传,改善了激发效果,提高了地震资料的品质。

Loess tableland is unique geo-morphological structure of China. The loess table- land region is rich in oil resources, which has great potential development. But the complex geological surface seismic condition restricts the pace of petroleum exploration. The surface structure of loess tableland is dry, loose and thick, which has a strong effect on absorption and attenuation of energy of seismic wave. In addition, high speed layer overlying loess has a shielding effect on seismic wave. These factors lead to the difficulty when the seismic wave transmits to the deep strata. Thus, more and more energy of seismic wave causes a variety of interferences which make the signal to noise ratio of seismic data very low. Fa- cing these problems, it is necessary to study new excitation source in order to increase the downward energy of seismic wave. The main research contents include： the limitations of conventional dynamite, the new shaped charge dynamite and so on. Experiments prove that the new shaped charge dynamite and the shaped charge composite structure can increase the downward energy of seismic wave greatly. And the quality of seismic data has been greatly improved.