中药添加剂对吸烟大鼠呼吸功能及免疫功能的影响

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives on respiratory and immune function of cigarette-smoking rats

[目的]评价中药添加剂对大鼠吸烟所致的呼吸功能及免疫功能的改善效果。[方法]吸烟组大鼠在烟气环境中每日暴露1 h,对照组大鼠在烟机无卷烟空吸环境中每日暴露1 h,持续3个月,测定肺功能,脏器系数,腹主动脉取血测定血清中抗氧化、免疫因子指标。[结果]各吸烟组大鼠用力肺活量（FVC）与对照组相比差异无统计学意义,但FEV1/FVC%（一秒率）有所下降,其中3号烟组与0号烟组相比显著升高（P〈0.05）。2、3号烟组用力中期呼气流速（FEF25%～75%）、最大呼气中段流量（MMF）、最大呼气流量（PEF）各项指标与0号烟组相比明显改善,且与对照组值接近;1、2、3号烟组大鼠肺脏、胸腺脏器系数较0号烟组相比,无统计学差异。1号烟组脾脏系数极显著高于0号烟组（P〈0.01）,3号烟组脾脏系数显著高于0号烟组（P〈0.05）;与0号烟组相比,2、3号烟组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）显著升高（P〈0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）差异无统计学意义;1、2、3号烟组γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）均高于0号烟组,白介素-1β（IL-1β）均低于0号烟组,但差异无统计学意义。与0号烟组相比,1号烟组能极显著降低IL-6（P〈0.001）,3号烟组能显著降低IL-12（P〈0.05）。[结论]2、3号添加剂可改善吸烟引起的大鼠肺功能降低,和对吸烟造成的抗氧化能力下降有保护作用。1、3号添加剂均可一定程度上改善因吸烟引起的大鼠免疫力下降,由此得出3号添加剂为卷烟的理想添加剂。

[Objective] To evaluate the improving effect of Chinese herbal medicine additives on the respiratory and immune function of cigarette-smoking rats. [Methods] The smoking group was exposed in the flue gas of nose-only system for 1 hour every day, while the control group was exposed in the system without cigarette for 1 hour. Three months later the pulmonary function and the organ coefficient were determined. Taking blood from the abdominal aorta the serum antioxidant and immune factors were measured. [Results] The forced vital capacity of smoking rats was the same with the control group. FEV1/FVC%, however, was declined. Among them, No.3 tobacco group were increased significantly compared with the 0 tobacco group（P0.05）. At the same time, the index of forced expiratory flow 25%～75%（FEF25% ～75%）, maximal mid-expiratory flow（MMF） and peak expiratory flow（PEF） in No.2 and No.3 tobacco group were improved significantly compared with 0 tobacco group. They were closed to control group. Spleen organ coefficient of 1,3 tobacco group was significantly higher than that of 0 smoke group（P〈0.05）. No. 2, 3 tobacco group were increased significantly compared with the 0tobacco group on SOD（P0.05） without significant difference on MDA. No. 1, 2, 3 tobacco group were higher comparing with 0 tobacco group. The IFN-γ was increased and the IL-1β decreased. No. 1 tobacco group could significantly reduce the IL-6（P0.001） and No. 3tobacco group could significantly reduce the IL-12（P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] No.2,3 additives can effectively inhibit the declining of respiratory function in rats induced by smoking, and protect the oxidative damage. No.1,3 additive can partly improve the immunity of rats caused by smoking. No. 3 additive is the ideal additive for cigarettes.