农药百草枯的急性毒性评价

Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Pesticide Paraquat

目的评价百草枯的急性毒性特点,为中毒治疗提供参考依据。方法按国家标准《农药登记毒理学试验方法》(GB15670-1995)进行了小鼠急性经口毒性、豚鼠急性经皮毒性、家兔急性眼刺激性和家兔急性皮肤刺激性毒性试验研究。结果百草枯对雌、雄性小鼠急性经口LD50值分别为108.0 mg/kg.BW和126.0 mg/kg.BW,属中毒性。对雌、雄性豚鼠急性经皮LD50值分别为233.0 mg/kg.BW和200.0 mg/kg.BW,属中毒性。对家兔急性眼刺激性试验结果为轻度至中度刺激性,对家兔急性皮肤刺激性试验结果为中度刺激性。毒性特点为百草枯急性中毒可造成全身各器官组织的损伤,持续时间较长,恢复缓慢。结论百草枯毒性较大,可迅速吸收而造成多器官组织严重损害,中毒治疗应尽早采取有效的方法,全面保护和减轻中毒器官组织的损伤。

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of acute toxicity of paraquat, and to provide reference for the treatment of paraquat poisoning. Methods According to the national standard ＂Toxicology test methods of pesticides for registration＂ （GB15670-1995）, tests of acute oral toxicity in mice, acute dermal toxicity in guinea pig, acute eye irritation and dermal irritation tests in rabbits were all conduc- ted. Results The LD50 values of paraquat by the oral route in female and male mouse were 108.0 mg/ kg. bw and 126 mg/kg, bw, respectively; the LD50 values by the dermal route in female and male guinea pigs were 233.0 mg/kg, bw and 200.0 mg/kg, bw, respectively, both showing a moderately toxicity. Pesticide paraquat could cause mild to moderate eye irritation, and moderate dermal irritation to rabbits. Toxicity characteristics was that acute paraquat poisoning could cause the damage of multiple organ and tissues, with longer duration and slow recovery. Conclusion Paraquat can be quickly absorbed and cause serious damage to multiple organs; therefore, poisoning treatment should be taken effectively in time to relieve poisoning injuries of organ or tissue.