2008-2012年乐山市沙湾区肺结核流行病学特征

Epidemiological Features of Tuberculosis in Shawan District of Leshan City,2008-2012

目的了解四川省乐山市沙湾区肺结核病例的流行病学特征,为有效预防、控制肺结核病提供科学依据和参考。方法收集沙湾区2008-2012年的肺结核病例的疫情报告和年报资料,采用EXCEL2003录入、整理、分析数据,对2008-2012年沙湾区的肺结核病疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2008-2012年沙湾区共报告肺结核病例663例,年平均发病率为70.39/10万,2008年发病数最多,共发病165例,发病率为84.73/10万,占近5年总发病数的24.89%;病例主要集中在35-65岁之间,3个年龄组合计发病361例,占发病总数的54.45%;职业分布以农民、民工发病为主,共计发病457例,占发病总数的68.93%,农村人口发病率高于城镇人口发病率;男女性别比为2.97∶1,男性病例明显多于女性病例;季节分布呈＂M＂型,发病高峰集中在3月和5-8月;各地均有发病,但以城镇所辖的农村为主。结论四川省乐山市沙湾区肺结核病例以青壮年为主,男性多于女性,是结核病的防控重点对象,农村青壮年防控的重中之重。

Objective To study the epidemiological features of tuberculosis （TB） in Shawan district of Leshan city, Sichuan province, and thus to provide scientific references for effective TB prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemic reports and annals of TB during 2008-2012 were collected in Shawan district and analyzed with descriptive epidemioiogical method using EXCEL2003. Results During the period, a total of 663 TB eases were reported in the district, with an annual mean incidence 70. 39/10^5. The incidence in 2008 was the highest, with 165 cases （84. 73/10^5）, accounting for 24. 89% of the total. The cases concentrated in people of 35-65 years old, accounting for 54.45% of the total cases. The occupational distribution was mainly peasants and peasant-workers, reaching a total of 457 cases （68. 93%）. The incidence in rural population was higher than that in urban area. The sex ratio of male to female was 2.97： 1. The season distribution showed an ＂M＂ shape and concentrated in March, and May to Aug. of the year. The cases were reported from place to place, yet were converged in villages under administration of townships. Conclusion The TB cases are dominated by young adults and the male cases are more than females ones. Young adults are the most vulnerable population which in need of key prevention and control measures.