深圳市福田区中学生传染病防治知识态度行为调查

Knowledge,Behavior and Attitude of Prevention of Infectious Disease Among Middle School Students in Futian District

目的了解深圳市福田区中学生重点传染病知识、态度、行为和健康教育方式需求情况,为开展有针对性干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对福田区4所学校的887人进行问卷调查。结果中学生对健康定义、流行性感冒、禽流感、红眼病、艾滋病等相关知识的知晓率均超过80%,流行性腮腺炎低于50%,狂犬病预后知晓率低于15%;除个别问题外,高中生知晓率高于初中生差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中学生超过95%认为学校传染病预防工作重要,高中生患病继续上课比例较初中生高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),要求患病同学休课、饭前每次洗手的比例较初中生低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),初中生和高中生在吐痰、便后洗手和打喷嚏等方面差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在健康教育干预方式需求上,初中生和高中生均首选观看宣传片,其后依次为医生讲课、老师讲课。结论高中生在传染病知晓率方面高于初中生,但行为形成率差别不大,提示需加强良好行为习惯的培养。

Objective To investigate the knowledge, behavior and practice （KAP） of prevention of infectious disease in middle school students, and to provide reference for implementation of proper intervention measures. Methods Totally 887 middle school students were recruited with multistage cluster sam- pling method from four schools in Futian districts and were surveyed with questionnaires. Results The awareness rates of health definition, influenza, avian flu, pinkeye, HIV and rabies were all above 80%. Comparatively, the awareness rate of mumps was below 50% and below 15% in the prognosis of rabies. For most prevention knowledge, the awareness rates of senior middle school students were higher than that of junior middle school students （P〈0.05）. A portion over 95% of the students held that the prevention work in schools was important. Senior middle school students were more likely to go to school with ill than junior middle school students （P〈0. 05）, yet less likely to ask ill classmate to go home and wash hands before meals （P〈0. 05）. The difference among the rates of spitting, sneezing and washing hands after using toilet were not statistically significance （P〉0. 05）. Watching video, doctor presentation and teacher explanation were successively the first three intervention means chose by middle school students. Conclusion The awareness rate of infectious disease in senior middle school students is basically higher than that of junior middle school students, while the rates of behavior formation for the two levels of students are roughly equal, which indicate a necessity to strengthened the formation of healthy behavior habits among them.