山区铁路沿线泥石流灾害预警研究

STUDY OF EARLY WARNING MECHANISM OF DEBRIS FLOW ALONG RAILWAY LINE IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS

分析泥石流形成机制、运动过程特征、成灾模式,结合山区铁路沿线泥石流灾害的形成、运动、成灾机制,提出泥石流流域实时降雨量、物源区土体降雨入渗深度、次声信息、沟道泥位4个参数作为山区泥石流灾害预警关键参数。其次,建立山区铁路沿线泥石流灾害的预警机制,根据泥石流灾害自身的规模、泥石流过程特征,结合铁路自身的抗灾能力,从铁路安全行车要求出发,将山区铁路沿线泥石流灾害预警划分为提示性预警、形成性预警、非成灾性预警、成灾性预警4种类型,并建立相应流域降雨、源地土体降雨入渗深度、泥石流次声、泥石流沟道泥位等关键参数的预警指标临界值、系统预警流程及发布方式。最后介绍该监测预警系统在现场试验观测的情况,通过现场试验观测结果证明,该山区铁路沿线泥石流灾害预警方法可行的,具有良好的应用前景。

The paper analyzes the formation mechanism,the movement characteristics and the disaster mode of debris flow. Combine with the formation,movement and the disaster mechanism of the debris flow disaster along the mountain railway line,it considers the four parameters,such as the rainfall of the debris flow area,the rainfall infiltration depth of the source area,the infrasonic information and the ditch mud position as the key parameters of the debris flow disaster early warning in the mountains. Secondly,it establishes the debris flow early warning mechanism along the mountain railway line. According to the scale of itself and the characteristics of debris process,then combine the anti-disaster ability of railway itself,and from the railway safety requirements,it divides the debris flow disaster early warning of mountain railway line into four types,such as the prompt warning,the formation of early warning,the non-disaster early warning and the disaster warning. And establishing the critical value of early warning indicators,the system warning process and the distribution options for the key parameters from the four aspects which containing the drainage area rainfall,the rainfall infiltration depth of the source area,the infrasound and the ditch mud of debris flow. Finally,the paper introduces the test situation in the field of this monitoring and early warning system. Through the field test,it is found that it is feasible of this debris flow disaster warning method along the mountain railway line and it has good application prospects.