副词“倒”的语义语用探析及对外汉语教学策略

The Semantic and Pragmatic Meaning of Chinese Adverb “Dao”and Teaching Method

本文从对外汉语教学的角度梳理分析副词"倒"的语义语用功能,认为表对比和肯定是其两个基本语义,对比义分为凸显、反预期和转折。对比义出现的条件是"倒"字句存在一个与本句意思相反、相对或不一致的语用前提。"倒"处于对比义时,信息表达焦点在"倒"句;处于肯定义时,信息表达焦点落在"倒"句后的句子上。依据相关的统计分析,"倒"的教学在内容上应分层次、分阶段,在策略上应从浅显的语义切入,注重其隐含语境的还原和固定结构的利用。

This paper analyses the semantic and pragmatic meanings of Chinese adverb ＂dao＂. It has comparative and affirmative meaning,and comparative meaning includes high- light,anti-expectation and turn. The comparative meaning must have a precondition which is opposite or different to the ＂dao＂-sentence. When ＂dao＂ has comparative meaning,the in- formation focuses on ＂dao＂-sentence, but focuses on the sentence after ＂dao＂-sentence when it means affirmation. Finally,the paper presents teaching suggestion and method based on relevant statistics. The teaching of ＂dao＂ in TCFL should be distributed in different levels and periods. ＂Dao＂-sentences have explicit or implicit presupposition. The implicit context may be concerned specially,and some fixed structures may be more effective.