论经验和科学信念的确立与更新

Discussion on Establishment and Update of Scientific Beliefs and Experience

自然科学理论虽然是经过实践检验的符合逻辑结构的理论体系;但是,从其建立和选择过程看,并不是一个纯粹的理性活动,非逻辑因素在其中同样起着重要作用。同时,科学发展的历史表明,经验与科学信念并非始终一致,尤其在科学革命来临的时候,常常会出现"反常"的经验图景与原有的科学信念相冲突的情况,这时就会使科学家们处于两难境地,不同文化背景和科学素养的科学家会做出不同的反应。文章对经验和科学信念在科学理论建立及选择过程中的作用机理、表现形态以及相互关系进行了研究;并从认识论和方法论的角度,对经验与科学信念冲突时认识主体的反应进行了探讨。

Although natural science is logical system which has been tested by practice. It’s not pure rational activity from its process of foundation and selecting, illogical factor plays an important role. Meanwhile, the history of science development indicates that experience and scientific belief are not all the same, especially when science revolution is coming, abnormal experience and original scientific belief are conflicting which leads scientists to go in a dilemma and that scientists will make different reactions who have different scientific literacy and cultural background. This article made a research about scientific belief ’s mechanism action, performance appearance and correlations on process of scientific theory’s foundation and selecting, and did a discussion about epistemic subject’s action when experience and scientific belief are conflicting from epistemological and methodological point of view.