“达尔文难题”的解释方法及其博弈论模型研究

Research on the Interpretation of "Darwin Problem" and its Game Theory Model

文章在科学哲学的视野下分析了解释达尔文难题的几种路径:群体选择理论、亲缘选择理论、互惠理论、副产品理论等。首先分析了这些途径各自的论域、理论自洽性和局限性等问题。进而提出在社会生物学范式下利他问题的两种研究的方法论:第一,对所有动物共有的利他行为进行分类,并提出了新的分类标准;第二,对人类特有的利他行为构建新的研究纲领进行研究。随后在新的研究纲领下构建了人类纯粹利他行为的博弈论模型。并提出利他问题的最终解决需要综合自然主义方法与非自然主义方法才能实现。

In the perspective of the philosophy of science this article explores several paths for the interpretations of Darwin problem：group selection theory,kin selection theory,reciprocal theory,and the theory of by-product.It analyses the self-consistency and limitation of these theories.Then two methods for the solution of the altruism problem are put forward in the paradigm of the social biology：First,classification of all animal common altruistic behavior with proposals for new classification standard;Second,con-struction of a new research programme to study of altruistic behavior unique to humans.So we can structure a theory model which belongs to purely altruistic behavior of human beings on the new research program with a conclusion that a comprehensive use of nat-uralistic method and non-naturalistic method is needed to provide a final solution for the altruism problem.