中国湿地维管植物外来种现状分析

Analysis on the present status of wetland alien vascular plants in China

中国有广义的湿地维管植物177科703属1 942种,其中185种(54科112属)为外来种,占9.53%.外来湿地植物中,有8种为中国外来入侵种,全部产自美洲,其中3种为典型的湿地植物,即互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)、水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)和空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides),另5种菊科植物薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)、三裂叶蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)、假高粱(Sorghum halepense)、豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)和三裂叶豚草(A.trifida)的生态适应性强,可在湿地生长.源自美洲的104种,占56.22%为最多.菊科17属21种为最多,以刺果泽泻属(Echinodorus)的14种为最多.木本植物仅10种;草本植物中,以水生植物115种占65.71%为最多.为保障生态安全,对人为引种的外来湿地植物,应加强生态影响风险性评价.

There are 1 942 species of generalized wetland vascular plants belonging to 177 families and 703 ge-nus in China .Among them, 185 species belonging to 54 families and 112 genus and about 9.53% are alien. Among the alien wetland species , there are 8 species classified as invasive alien species in China , all from A-merica.Spartina alterniflora, Eichhornia crassipes, and Alternanthera philoxeroides are typical wetland plants , the other 5 species listed as Mikania micrantha, Wedelia trilobata, Sorghum halepense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and A.trifida have higher adaptive ability to wetland habitats .Most of the alien species about 56.22%are from America.Asteraceae has 17 genus and 21 species, Echinodorus has 14 species for the largest family and genus , respectively .There are only 10 species of tree types .Hydrophytes have 115 species for about 65.71% in herbs.To ensure the ecological safety , ecological effect risk assessments should be taken before introducing the cultivated species .