多供应商环境下的最优采购策略

Optimal Ordering Policy with Multiple Suppliers

在有限计划期内,制造商向多个供应商采购的环境下,可以制定灵活的采购策略,充分利用每个供应商的成本优势以满足生产或市场需求。在每个采购时刻,制造商不仅要选择合适的供应商,而且要制定最优的采购批量,由于对供应商的选择决策与采购批量密切相关,最优的采购策略并不满足最优化原理,用传统的动态批量模型(WW模型)不能同时优化供应商选择及采购批量决策。将供应商和采购期作为2个状态变量,构建二维状态变量的规划方程,设计了一个多项式算法得到最优的采购策略,计算复杂度为O(N2 M2),其中,N为计划期,M为供应商数量。最后,当供应商较多时,设计了一种启发式算法,计算复杂度为O(MN2),比原算法计算复杂度更低。

Within a finite horizon, a manufacturer may choose different suppliers in order to fulfill the production or market demand. In this way, the manufacturer can make the flexible replenishment policy and take advantage of different supplier＇s ability. At every replenishment moment, the manufacturer should choose the proper supplier and decide on the optimal order quantity simultaneously. Since that the two decisions （supplier selection and ordering quantity） interact with each other, and the optimal order policies do not satisfy the Principle of Optimization, we cannot solve the problem using the classical Wagner and Whitin （WW） algorithm. Taking the supplier and replenishment moment as the two state variables, we constructs a two-dimension dynamic programming function, and design a polynomial algorithm to optimize the manufacturer ~s r algorithm is O（N2M2） , where N is the time computational complexity O（MN2） is propose eplenishment policy. The computational complexity of the horizon, and M is the number of suppliers. A heuristic with d for dealing with the case of large number of suppliers.