甘蓝型油菜化学诱导型杂交种遗传效应分析

Analysis of Hereditary Effects of Brassica napus Hybrid Produced by Chemical Induced Male Sterility

将甘蓝型油菜化学诱导型杂交种的29个性状指标按农艺、产量、品质3种类型进行划分,采用MINQUE统计方法及加-显模型(AD)对连续2a的大田试验数据进行遗传效应分析。结果表明:(1)29个性状的加性、显性、环境方差及方差总量均呈0.01或0.05显著水平,均表现为农艺性状>产量性状>品质性状。(2)化学诱导型杂交种F1、F2代具有显著的群体平均优势、群体超亲优势,且在F1、F2代群体平均优势、群体超亲优势均表现为农艺性状>产量性状>品质性状;与F1代比较,农艺性状在F2代的群体平均优势和群体超亲优势分别降低43.52%和60.80%,产量性状分别降低49.84%和67.35%,品质性状分别降低53.19%和40.78%。(3)3类性状的遗传方差比率均大于95%,农艺和产量性状的显性方差比率分别为83.01%和70.03%,而品质性状的加性方差比率则为81.21%。(4)29个性状的广义遗传率平均值为0.95,狭义遗传率表现为品质性状(平均值为0.76)>产量性状(平均值为0.19)>农艺性状(平均值为0.16)。(5)杂交种性状与亲本性状的相关性大小为杂种优势>高亲>超亲优势>母本>双亲均值>父本>低亲>双亲差值。

29 trait indexes of Brassica napus hybrid produced by chemical induced male sterility （CIMS） were divided into three types including agronomic traits, yield traits and quality traits. The field test results were analyzed on hereditary effect by MINQUE statistical approach and additive- dominance model in two continuous years. The results indicated that the additive, dominance and en vironmental variance and total variance of 29 traits all had significant difference at 0.01 or 0.05 level and represented as agronomic traits〉yield traits〉quality traits. The F1 and F2 generation of CIMS hybrid had significant heterosis of mean population and heterosis of better parents and both of the two heterosis represented as agronomic traits 〉yield traits〉quality traits. The heterosis of mean population and heterosis of better parents of agronomic traits in F2 generation were lower than that of F1 generation by 43.52% and 60.80%, the two heterosis of yield traits in F2 were lower than that of F1 by 49.84% and 67.35%, the two heterosis of quality traits in F2 were lower than that of F1 by 53.19% and 40. 78 %. The genetic variance component ratio of three traits of CIMS hybrid was more than 95%, the dominance variance component ratio of agronomic traits and yield traits were 83.01% and 70.03%, the additive variance component ratio of quality traits was 81.21%. The broad heritability ratio of 29 traits was 0.95 and narrow heritability ratio was quality traits （0.76）〉yield traits （0.19） ）agronomic traits （0. 16）. The correlation of traits between hybrid and parent was heterosis〉high parent〉heterobeltiosis〉female parent〉mean value of parents〉male parent〉low parent〉difference of parents.