质子交换膜燃料电池有序化膜电极

Ordered Membrane Electrode Assembly of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件——膜电极经历了两代传统制备方法后,已经进入第三代有序化膜电极发展阶段。有序化膜电极包括质子导体有序化膜电极和电子导体有序化膜电极两大类,而电子导体有序化膜电极包括催化剂材料有序化膜电极和催化剂载体材料有序化膜电极。有序化膜电极具有良好的电子、质子、水和气体等多相物质传输通道,从而可以大大降低膜电极中Pt载量、提升燃料电池的发电性能和延长燃料电池寿命。本文整理了近几年有关有序化膜电极的研究报道,梳理了有序化膜电极研究进展,归纳比较了各种有序化膜电极制备方法的优缺点,对未来高性能、低成本和长寿命的膜电极制备技术开发具有指导意义。

After two traditional manufacturing methods of key component——membrane electrode assemblies（MEA）,the third generation ordered MEA has attracted great research interests in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Ordered MEA could be divided into two kinds： MEA based on ordered proton transportation materials（e. g. nanowires,nanotubes,nanofibers of Nafion or other proton transportation materials） and MEA based on ordered electron transportation materials. How ever,ordered electron transportation MEA includes MEA based on ordered catalyst（ e. g. Pt nanowires or other metal catalyst nanowires） and MEA based on ordered catalyst support such as carbon nanotube and carbon nanofibers. Electrode structure ordering is critical for decreasing Pt loading of the MEA,improving power performance and durability of fuel cell due to good multiphase mass transmission channels（ e. g. proton,electron,gas and water transmission channels）. Ordered MEAs and their manufacturing methods are reviwed in the paper based on the latest research literatures and patents recent years,and their characteristics and difference are analyzed in detail, w hich has guiding significance for high performance,low cost and longlife MEA.