稻田生态系统中稻飞虱及其天敌类群的时间生态位研究

A Study on Time Niche Breadth and Overlap of Rice Planthoppers and Their Natural Enemies in Paddy Fields

研究了有机稻田和化防稻田中稻飞虱与其主要天敌的时间生态位宽度及生态位重叠变化规律。研究结果表明,2010年扫网法取样下有机稻田中稻飞虱与主要天敌类群的生态位重叠值平均值(0.406 1)大于化防稻田(0.319 0),有机稻田中主要天敌类群的生态位宽度平均值(0.608 3)大于化防稻田(0.479 0),有机稻田中稻飞虱时间生态位宽度(0.338 3)小于化防稻田中时间生态位宽度(0.393 7);2 011年扫网法取样下有机稻田中稻飞虱与主要天敌类群的生态位重叠平均值(0.378 9)大于化防稻田(0.310 8),有机稻田中主要天敌类群的生态位宽度平均值(0.378 4)大于化防稻田(0.328 1),有机稻田中稻飞虱时间生态位宽度(0.236 5)小于化防稻田中时间生态位宽度(0.318 2)。这表明有机稻田生态系统相比较于化防稻田生态系统而言,在时间生态位层面是通过影响稻飞虱和天敌类群的生态位宽度指数及其天敌与稻飞虱的生态位重叠值,来增强稻田节肢动物群落系统的自我调控能力。

The dynamics of niche breadth and overlap of rice planthoppers and their natural enemies in or-ganic and chemical control paddy fields by sweeping net were studied for two years.The results showed that the average temporal niche overlap （ 0.406 1 ） between natural enemies and rice planthoppers, and the average niche breadth （0.608 3） of natural enemies in organic were higher than the temporal niche overlap （0.319 0） and niche breadth （0.393 7） in the chemical control paddy fields,but the temporal niche breadth （0.338 3） in the control paddy fields organic was lower than that （ 0.393 7） in the chemical control paddy fields in 2010;and the average temporal niche overlap （0.378 9） and niche breadth （0.378 4） in the organic control paddy fields were also higher than the temporal niche overlap （0.310 8） and niche breadth （0.328 1） in the chemical control paddy fields,but the temporal niche breadth （ 0.236 5） in the organic contral paddy fields was lower than that （ 0.318 2） in the chemical control paddy fields in 2011.From the angle of temporal niche,it may be concluded that the ability of arthropod community self-adjusting in the organic paddy field ecosystem was a-bove that in the chemical control paddy field ecosystem,which is atlribute to the niche breadth of rice plan-thoppers and natural enemies,and the niche overlap between rice planthoppers and natural enemies.