猕猴桃果实熟腐病菌生物学特性及其寄主抗病性鉴定研究

Biological Characteristics of the Main Pathogenic Fungi Causing Fruit Ripe Rot of Kiwifruit and Disease Resistance of Kiwifruit Cultivars

为掌握猕猴桃果实熟腐病的发生规律和为其综合防治提供理论依据,对该病害的两种主要病原菌葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)和拟茎点霉菌(Phomopsis sp.)的生物学特性、寄主范围和猕猴桃品种抗病性进行了鉴定研究,结果表明葡萄座腔菌和拟茎点霉菌均在25℃和pH 7.0的条件下生长最快;适合两者生长的碳氮源种类基本相同;葡萄座腔菌偏好利用马铃薯葡萄糖培养基、胡萝卜培养基和苜蓿煎汁培养基,而拟茎点霉菌偏好利用烟草煎汁培养基。伤口接种试验表明,供试的5科14种植物均能被上述两种病菌感染,都应属于其寄主范围的植物;供试的17个猕猴桃品种,只有3个品种为高抗品种,其余14个为感病品种。

In order to know well the disease occurrence regularity of fruit ripe rot of kiwifruit and provide theoretical basis for comprehensively controlling the disease,the biological characteristics and host range of Bot-ryosphaeria dothidea and Phomopsis sp.,the two main pathogens causing fruit ripe rot of kiwifruit,were studied and the resistance of kiwifruit cultivars to the disease was evaluated.The results showed that at 25℃and pH 7.0,the mycelial growth of both B.dothidea and Phomopsis sp.was the fastest.The varieties of carbon source as well as nitrogen source suitable for the two pathogens to grow were almost same.The optimal medium for B.do-thidea to grow was potato dextrose agar （ PDA） ,carrots agar （ CA） and alfalfa extract agar （ AEA） ,whereas the optimal one for Phomopsis sp.was tobacco extract agar （ TEA） .In the experiment of wounded inoculation,the 14 plant species in 5 families for testing could be infected by both of the two pathogens,which indicated that they were all plant species in their host range.For all the 17 tested cultivars of kiwifruit,only three were highly resistant to B.dothidea and Phomopsis sp.,while the other 14 cultivars were susceptible.