激光热效应数值模拟技术研究现状

Progress of numerical simulation of laser thermal effects

针对激光加工过程极快、形成的瞬态热效应难以用实验方法进行测量等问题,将数值模拟技术应用到对激光加工的物理机制的研究中,并为实际的激光加工提供了优化的加工参数。在对国内外激光加工热效应数值模拟技术研究的成果进行了总结的基础上,分析了激光加工过程的物理现象及与之相关的激光能量密度;综述了常用的数值模拟方法,主要包括解析法、有限差分法、有限体积法、有限元法,以及各种模拟方法的优缺点及适用情况;分析总结了在数值建模过程中热传导场、流体场和力场等多物理场的选择;总结了材料属性和激光特性对激光热效应的影响。研究结果表明,数值模拟技术正向着复杂化、全面性、多样性方向发展。最后,针对目前激光加工过程中存在的问题,对激光热效应数值模拟技术未来的发展方向提出了几点建议。

Aiming at solving the difficulty in measuring the transient laser thermal effects with the test method because of the quick processing, the numerical simulation was used in the research of the physical mechanisms of laser processing and the optimal processing parameters for the actual laser processing was provided. Based on the analysis and summary of the research achievements on numerical simulation method, the physical phenomena and its related laser energy density were analyzed. The numerical simulation methods of thermal effects were reviewed, including analytical method, finite differential method （FDM）, finite volume method （FVM） and finite element method （FEM）. And their advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions were analyzed. The choice of the multi-physics, such as heat transfer field, fluid field and force field were discussed. The influences of material and laser properties on laser thermal effect were listed. The results show that numerical simulation developed towards complexity, comprehensiveness and diversity. Finally, it present some suggestions for the future of the numerical simulation of laser thermal effects.