三江源区人工草地中小型土壤动物群落特征及季节变化

Seasonal Dynamics of Meso-micro Soil Fauna Communities in the Artificial Grasslands of Three-river Source Region in Qinghai,China

为了解三江源区不同建植年限人工草地的中小型土壤动物群落特征及其变化动态,于2012年4—10月以极度退化草地"黑土滩"为对照,利用定位观测方法对其进行了7次调查。结果表明:共捕获各类中小型土壤动物标本4552只,隶属3门、8纲、23目、55科、65属;大类群中蜱螨目(Acarina)占41.39%,线虫类(Nemata)占26.24%,弹尾目(Collembola)占23.77%,其他类群仅占8.60%;中小型土壤动物群落组成与数量均有明显的季节变化,在4—10月均是先上升后下降,在7—8月均达到最高;其Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数和均匀度指数均随着建植年限的增加有显著增加趋势,土壤动物群落结构随着人工草地建植年限的增加愈加稳定,群落稳定性以2000年人工草地最为稳定。

In order to research the characteristics and seasonal dynamics of meso-micro soil fauna communities in artificial grasslands established in different years in Three-river Source Region in Qinghai,China.A typical kind of degraded grassland,Heitutan,was taken as a control and seven observations were obtained from April to October 2012 by positioning observation method.The 4552 individual samples of meso-micro soil fauna were extracted using Tullgren and Baermann＇s methods and were classified into three phyla,eight classes,23 orders,55 families and 65 genera.Acarina dominated and accounted for 41.39% of the samples in the soil meso-micro fauna community; Nemata,Collembola and other groups made up 26.24%,23.77% and 8.60%,respectively.The quantity of meso-micro soil fauna community was found to rise first and descend later between April and October with a minimum value in April and the maximum in July and August.Shannon-Wiener,Simpson and Pielou indexes increased with the increase of planting years.And the community structure of soil fauna was more stable with the increase of planting years.Artificial grassland established in 2000 was the most stable.