不同种皮颜色秣食豆的农艺性状和营养价值评价

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Values of Glycine max with Different Seed Coat Colors

以黑龙江省牡丹江市共和乡采集的3种野生不同种皮颜色的秣食豆(Glycine max)为材料,以公农535秣食豆为对照,对其物候期、主要农艺性状、产草量、营养成分和种子产量进行了比较研究。采用灰色关联度分析法对14个主要观测指标进行综合分析,找出各自的特异性状,为新品种选育确定合理的选育方向和目标。结果表明:黑色秣食豆干草产量最高,达到了9997.28 kg·hm^-2,比褐色、黄色和公农535秣食豆分别提高37.47%,39.52%和11.83%,其粗蛋白含量达到18.08%,加权关联度为0.8152,均高于其他秣食豆材料,因此可作为高产、优质秣食豆新品种的育种新材料。褐色秣食豆粗蛋白含量最高,达到了20.50%,分别比黑色、黄色和公农535秣食豆提高13.38%,17.82%和26.62%,可作为高蛋白优质秣食豆品种的育种新材料。黄色秣食豆种子产量最高,达到了2512.53 kg·hm^-2,分别比黑色、褐色和公农535秣食豆提高9.16%,22.79%和11.78%,可作为提高秣食豆种子产量的育种新材料。

In this experiment,three wild Glycine max varieties of different seed coat colors collected from the Gonghe of Mudanjiang City,Heilongjiang Province were used as materials.The phenology,agronomic traits,hay yield,nutritional ingredients and seed yields of tested varieties were compared with Gongnong 535 as control,and 14 key indicators were comprehensively analyzed using grey correlation degree in order to determine reasonable breeding direction and goals.The results showed that the hay yield of the black material was the highest,reached 9997.28 kg · hm-2,which was 37.47%,39.52% and 11.83% higher than the brown,yellow and Gongnong 535 materials,respectively.The crude protein content of the black material was 18.08% ; the weighted grey correlation degree was 0.8152 and significantly higher than others.Therefore,the black material could be used as an excellent breeding material of new varieties with high yield and quality.The crude protein content of brown material was the highest,reached 20.50 %,and was 13.38%,17.82% and 26.62% higher than the black,yellow and Gongnong 535 materials,respectively.So the brown material could be used as an excellent breeding material of new varieties with high protein and quality.The seed yield of yellow material was the highest,reached 2512.53 kg · hm-2,and was 9.16%,22.79% and 11.78% higher than the black,brown and Gongnong 535 materials,respectively.The yellow material could be used as an excellent breeding material to improve the seed production of Glycine max.