博弈语用学视角下的汉语歧义现象分析

Game Theoretical Pragmatics and Analyses of Ambiguity

传统的汉语歧义研究注重句法、语义等语言内部因素,而借用博弈语用学模型可以更好地关注交际者和社会文化等语言外部因素。博弈语用学将话语交际描述为说话者和听者之间的博弈行为,关注交际者的策略互动在歧义产生中的作用。根据交际者之间是否存在约束协议,歧义性交际可以分为合作交际博弈和非合作交际博弈,其中非合作交际博弈的歧义以多纳什均衡和无帕累托最优行动策略为标志。

This article argues that traditional studies of Chinese ambiguity mainly focus on the internal factors of language, such as semantic and syntactic characteristics, and that with game theoretical models of human communication, some external factors including communicators and socio-cultural bac kground can be situated and covered. Game theoretical pragmatics models verbal communication as coordination games between the speaker and the hearer（s）, and article makes emphasizes the strategic interaction between the communicators. Following classic Game Theory, this a distinction between cooperative and non-cooperative communication games according to whether there is a binding agreement between the players. Case studies show that ambiguity in non-cooperative communication games is characterized by multi-Nash Equilib ira and non-Pareto optimality.