兰州城市地质灾害与人类工程活动

Urban geological hazards and human engineering activities in Lanzhou City

兰州市地质环境条件复杂,人地矛盾突出,地质灾害发育,由人类工程活动所引发的地质灾害造成人员伤亡和财产损失占到致灾总数的90%以上.由于城乡建设的快速发展,工程建设、平山造地、绿化灌溉、污水不合理排放、城市垃圾无序堆置,以及矿产资源开采等为主的人类工程活动,成为城市地质灾害频发的触发因素.通过综合分析各类人类工程活动对引发、加剧地质灾害的影响,现状台塬坡脚建筑、平山造地等工程形成的黄土边坡,是城市地质灾害易发频发区段,是防治的重点.充分认识引发和加剧地质灾害主控因素,科学合理规范人类工程活动,是有效预防和避险兰州城市地质灾害的重要途径.

Due to its complex geological conditions, the prominent contradictions between human activities and land resources, and serious geologic hazards, Lanzhou City is becoming one of the cities in China suffering very seriously from geologic hazards. Survey statistics reported that more than 90%of the geological disasters, which have caused serious casualties and property losses, were induced by engineering practices including construction, land reclamation （removing mountains）, ecological field irrigation, sewage discharge, municipal waste and mineral resources exploitation. Based on the field observations, it was found that engineering activities are the most important triggering factor for these geological disasters. Through an in-depth analysis of the influences of all kinds of engineering activities on geological disasters, the loess slope constructed by removing the mountains was found to be the key factor for inducing those urban geological disasters and the problem should be addressed in geological hazard mitigation. Regulating engineering practices could be more effective in preventing urban geological disasters in Lanzhou City.