炭催化甲烷裂解制氢研究进展

Research progress of hydrogen production by catalytic decomposition of methane over carbon catalysts

综述了炭催化甲烷裂解制氢的研究进展,重点阐述了具有不同孔结构特征的微孔炭、介孔炭和金属负载型炭催化剂在甲烷催化裂解制氢过程中的催化性能和影响规律。与微孔炭具有较高初始活性、较低稳定性相比,介孔炭或具有微孔/介孔结构的多级孔结构炭材料表现出更高的催化活性和寿命;将金属负载于炭材料制得的金属负载型催化剂可同时利用金属的高活性和炭材料相对较高的稳定性提高催化裂解甲烷性能。该文还对炭催化甲烷裂解机理进行概述,指出通过调控炭材料结构与组成、提高甲烷催化裂解性能和加强对炭催化甲烷裂解机理研究是今后发展的方向。

Hydrogen production by catalytic decomposition of methane over carbon catalysts is reviewed,and emphasis is laid on catalytic performance of carbon catalysts with different pore characteristics and surface properties , including microporous carbon , mesoporous carbon and carbon-supported metal catalysts. Compared with the microporous carbon catalysts with high initial catalytic activity and quick deactivation,mesoporous carbon or hierarchical carbon catalysts with micropores and mesopores have high conversion of methane and long catalytic lifetime. Carbon-supported metal catalysts can improve catalytic activity and stability in catalytic decomposition of methane. In addition,the decomposition mechanism of methane on carbon catalysts is presented. A promising route to improve catalytic performance in methane decomposition on carbon catalysts is proposed by controlling the structure and composition of carbon. More effort should be paid to the catalytic decomposition mechanism on carbon catalysts in the future.