東漢、六朝時期三吴地域水利事業性質之考察

On the Nature of the Irrigation Works in the“Sanwu”Region during the Six Dynasties Era

通過分析東漢、六朝時期三吴地域水利事業的三個實例,本文指出:(一)東漢時錢塘縣防海大塘的修建,是由以華信家族爲代表的當地豪族聯合策劃、組織、實施的。(二)南朝宋時,爲解決吴興郡的水患問題,費時二十餘年,親自踏勘調查,提出工程方案,極力呼籲政府組織實施的民間人士姚嶠,爲吴興武康大族姚氏的成員。(三)南朝齊時,會稽郡民間本有完善的水利設施維護系統,並自主運轉。但因官方的粗暴介入,該系統遭到破壞,水利設施受到毁滅性打擊。本文認爲:東漢、六朝時期,本應由政府使用公權力組織實施的水利事業,受到了私家勢力相當程度的滲透,反映了該時期國家統合程度較低的事實。

This article analyzes three cases of water industry in'Sanwu'Region during the later Han and the Six Dynasties. The main thesis is as follows. First,the levee along the seashore in QiantangCounty was a collaborative work of HuaXin's family and other powerful families.Second,in Liu Song,Yao Qiao,who spent some 20 years investigating the terrain of Wuxing Prefecture and presented his proposal to the government,also came from a powerful family in this area. Third,in Southern Qi,there was a highly developed water network. The interference of local government seriously damaged this water system. The conclusion is that in later Han and the SixDynasties,the water network which should be organized by the local administration was taken over by the non- official families in local area. The control of the state over the local affairs was considerably weakened.