广州制造业空间布局及其形成原因

Spatial Distribution and Driving Force of Manufacturing in Guangzhou

以第二次经济普查制造业法人单位分镇街的就业人员为基础数据,运用集中化指数、区位商和空间分析方法对2008年广州制造业空间布局进行研究,并分析其形成原因及其与广州城市空间结构的关系。结果表明:1)广州制造业主要分布在海珠区、荔湾区和萝岗区等近郊,CBD的制造业已经衰退。2)制造业就业人员密度从城市中心向边缘递增,递增距离CBD不远,东部和南部呈现非常强的郊区化现象,尤其是东部已经成为广州的制造业中心。3)核心圈层的制造业密度仍为最高,4圈层的制造业密度分布由高到低依次为核心圈层>内圈层>外圈层>外圈;广州制造业分布集中程度高,空间集聚程度最高的区域为近郊,其次为远郊,中心城区最低。4)广州制造业空间结构由夏港制造业中心、南石头制造业次中心和东环制造业次中心组成。影响制造业在广州城市空间分布的因素主要有:中国土地有偿使用制度的实行、广州市政府对宏观调控政策的制定、广州制造业园区建设和制造业集聚效应四大因素。制造业对广州城市空间结构的形成和发展影响很强,是新华和夏港就业次中心形成的主要动力,有力地促进了广州城市郊区化,是广州副中心和新城中心城区经济发展的主要动力。

Manufacturing is one of the main driving forces of urban economic development. Thus, the distribution of manufacturing is a hot-topic to the academics. This paper specifically makes a case study of Guangzhou to explore the distribution of the manufacturing industry in the city with Concentration Index, Location Quotient, and spatial analysis based on the second economic census data in 2008, and analyses the formation reason of the distribution, as well as the relationship between urban spatial structure and the distribution. In conclusion, the paper proposes that Guangzhou＇s manufacturing is mainly distributed in the inner-suburbs such as Haizhu district, Liwan district and Luogang district. The manufacturing in the CBD has already declined. The manufacturing employment density increases from the city centre to suburbs, but the increase distance is not far from the city centre. The suburbanization phenomenon has appeared in the eastern and southern areas, especially in the eastern area which has become the manufacturing centre of Guangzhou. The manufacturing distribution density in four circle layers from high to low in turn is： the core circle layerthe inner circle layerthe outer circle layerthe outer circle. The manufacturing in the core circle layer has the highest employment density. The agglomeration degree of manufacturing is high. The highest spatial cluster level area is the inner-suburb. Next is the outer-suburb. The lowest is the city centre. Guangzhou manufacturing spatial structure is composed of Xiagang manufacturing centre, Nanshitou and Donghuan manufacturing subcentres. The manufacturing has had a large impact on the formation and development of the urban spatial structure of Guangzhou. It is not only the main driving force for Xinhua and Xiagang employment subcentres, but also the force to promote Guangzhou＇s suburbanization. Four factors influence the spatial distribution of manufacturing in Guangzhou： the compensation system of Chinese land acquisition, the policy of Guangzhou government, the construction of Guangzhou industrial development zone, and the industrial agglomeration effect.