太湖地区农业源污染核算研究进展

Research progress in estimation of agricultural sources pollution of the Lake Taihu region

太湖地区水体污染严重,控制太湖污染、改善太湖水质,对发挥太湖的综合服务功能,促进全流域经济可持续发展和社会稳定具有重要的战略意义.充分把握和核算太湖地区农业源污染排放量、入河量及其时空分布是落实太湖地区污染物科学减排从而进一步改善太湖水质的基础.本研究总结和概述了太湖地区农业源污染现有的核算方法、产排污参数、控制途径等,结合太湖地区农业源污染构成、排放与布局的复杂情况,提出综合运用各种核算研究方法,充分考虑各污染来源,确定农业源污染的产污量、排污量和入河量,并通过建立分期、分区、细分类型的农业源污染排放、入河参数,为科学确定农业源污染减排指标以及制定减排措施提供依据.

The Lake Taihu region,China,is highly developed,and water pollution has affected both the water supply and economic development of the region in recent years.It is important to understand and evaluate the quantity and spatial-temporal distribution of agricultural pollution to reduce the water pollution,improve the water quality and promote the economic development in this region.This paper reviewed the estimating methods,output coefficients and pollutant-controlled strategies of the agricultural sources pollution that have been widely applied.Considering the composition,emission and distribution of agricultural pollution sources in the Lake Taihu region,multiple methods,such as field monitoring and field survey,should be applied to estimate the agricultural pollution and their apportionments.It was significant to determine the coefficients of pollutant production,emission and discharge into rivers from cropland,livestock and aquaculture,and their differences in spatial and temporal distribution.Some specific suggestions and applicable measurements were put forward to reduce agricultural sources pollution in the Lake Taihu region.