口腔贱金属合金修复体的生物相容性试验

Biocompatibility evaluation of oral base metal alloy prosthesis

贱金属合金烤瓷熔附金属修复体是口腔临床修复体应用的主体,存在着较高的不安全性,其生物相容性评价主要有细胞毒性试验、动物试验和临床前试验。细胞毒性检测主要有中性红试验、51Cr释放法、分子滤过试验、甲噻唑四唑氮比色试验、细胞计数试剂盒8试验、乳酸脱氢酶试验、红细胞溶血试验和流式细胞计数等,使用最广泛的细胞是L929细胞和海拉细胞。按细胞接触方式的不同,毒性试验细胞的培养分为浸提液培养法、直接接触法和间接接触法。动物试验可从整体上评价生物相容性,可产生免疫或补体激活反应,但试验难以控制,费用高,费时。动物试验可弥补细胞毒性试验难以模拟的综合反应,因此其与细胞毒性试验一样都是口腔材料生物相容性评价必不可少的环节。

Clinical applications of dental prosthesis mainly focus on base metal alloy porcelain-fused metal restoration. The biological risks of using base metal alloys are generally known. Evaluation of alloy biocompatibility includes cytotoxicity tests prior to animal tests and clinical trials. Cytotoxicity assays include the neutral red test, 51Cr release assay, molecular filter test, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） colorimetric assay, cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） test, lactate dehydrogenase test, hemolysis test, and flow cytometry. The most widely used cells are L929 cells and HeLa cells. Toxicity tests on cell cultures are conducted through direct- and indirect-contact methods. Animal tests can produce immune responses or complementary activation; however, such tests are difficult to control, expensive, and time-consuming. Nevertheless, animal tests can simulate comprehensive responses, which are difficult to obtain from cytotoxicity tests. Thus, both cytotoxicity and animal tests are essential for biological compatibility evaluations of oral materials.