中美高校技术转移效率比较——基于专利的视角

Comparing Efficiency of University Technology Transfers:Evidence from Chinese and U.S.University Patents

基于中国和美国高校数据,从专利申请和授权、转让率、转让收入和成本-收益四个角度,对中美两国高校专利技术转移的效率进行比较,发现中国高校的专利申请和授权量远远高于美国高校,但转让率和转让收入则远远低于美国高校,而美国高校的转让收入与研发支出之比低于中国高校水平。中美高校在经费投入、技术转移、人力资源投入和激励制度等方面的差距,可能是引起两国高校专利技术转移效率差距的重要原因。

This paper compares the efficiency of university technology transfer in China and the U. S. from the perspective of patent ap- plications and grants, licensing ratio, licensing income and cost-benefit analysis. We find that during the sample period, the amount of university patent applications and grants in China exceeds that of the U. S. , while the ratio of patent licensing and licensing income of the US universities are far higher than those of Chinese universities. However, Chinese universities have a better performance when the indicator is the percentage of income compared to total research expenditure. We contend the factors that determine the efficiency gap in- clude the expenditure of research and transfer, human resources, and the incentive systems.