景颇族的文化记忆探析——以目瑙纵歌为例

A Study of Cultural Memories of Jingpo People:A Case Study of the Munao Dancing Festival

"目瑙"既是指景颇族传统的文化精英祭祀祖先的神圣仪式,又指其流传已久的文化精华——创世史诗《目瑙斋瓦》,同时还是当地流行的最盛大的民族节日。它是景颇族文化记忆中具有代表性的综合标识。史诗描绘了天神在太阳宫、鸟类在树丛、人类在目瑙场等地欢庆场景,通过"名字相称、名称相配"的关联和仪式角色的对应,而形成了天、鸟、人三位一体的独特的族群宇宙观,为族群的文化记忆提供了稳定的文本。现代目瑙纵歌节从定名、节期、场景、表述等方面展现了新时代的创新,这种改良之后的打包目瑙,在搬迁、复制、展演过程中,逐渐演变成以观者为对象的活动,简化并统一为庆祝性目瑙,蕴含着民族文化的创新。

Munao is not only a set of traditional and sacred rituals held by Jingpo＇s cultural elites to offer sacrifice to their ancestors,but also a long- lasting famous cultural creation epic,＂Munaozhaiwa＂. In addition,Munao is still the grandest ethnic festival held in every February in Southern China. In a sense,it is a typically comprehensive symbol of Jingpo people＇s cultural memories. The epic,＂Munaozhaiwa＂,depicts different festive scenes such as gods in the Sun Palace,birds in the woods and Jingpo people on the Munao ground. Through the association of names and functions,and through the correspondence of roles played in the rituals,Jingpo people formed their unique view of the cosmos,that is,the trinity of gods,birds,and people. This provides stable texts for Jingpo people＇s cultural memories. The Munao Dancing Festival in modern times shows some innovation in terms of the naming,the time,the scene,and the narration of the festival. This innovated and packaged Munao gradually evolves into an activity involving the audiences in the process of moving,replicating and performing. Meanwhile,this simplified,unified festive Munao contains the innovation of ethnic culture.