遗产旅游、文化符号与再造遗产——“武松”叶法善养生文化符号之争的旅游人类学解读

Heritage Tourism,Cultural Symbols,and Heritage Reinvention:The Anthropological Interpretation to Tourism About the Phenomena Competing for Cultural Symbols

从遗产旅游的背景下,探讨浙江省武义、松阳两县争夺叶法善道教养生文化符号的旅游人类学意蕴。在非遗保护和遗产旅游的强力推动下,无论是历史人物还是文化遗产,各地都在文化传统再循环,甚至在遗产地旅游资源的开发利用方面,文化遗产无疑存在一些基于经济利益的遗产品复制、遗产地的社会性复制问题。然而,似是而非的是,在当下的社会情境里,模式文化也许是呼应了当下社会某种怀旧的诉求与娱乐需求,再造遗产式、具有多种拉斯维加斯元素的遗产旅游似乎是一种非常有效的遗产开发与保护模式之一。因此,以Bruner所研究的林肯的New Salem作为参照,"武松"叶法善道教养生文化符号之争,为我们提供了反思这一问题的绝佳个案。

Under the background of heritage tourism,this essay discusses the significance for tourism of anthropology about the neighboring counties competing for Daoism health- keeping practices developed by Ye Fashan in early Tang dynasty. Strongly driven by the motive for the intangible heritage protection and heritage tourism,there are cultural traditions recycling throughout the country. Undoubtedly,problems exist with respect to historical figures or cultural heritage,or even in the development and utilization of heritage site as tourism resources,such as products replication,social replication of heritage sites based on the economic benefits in cultural heritage. The paradox is,however,that under the current social situation,perhaps model cultures meet the nostalgic demand and the entertainment needs of the contemporary society. It seems that heritage tourism featuring reinvention heritage and that has a variety of Las Vegasian elements,has become one of the most extremely effective modes for the heritage development and protection. Compared with the case study of Lincoln＇s New Salem State Historic Site by Bruner,the competition for Daoism cultural symbols about health- keeping represented by Ye Fashan between Wuyi county and Songyang county in Zhejiang province,gives us a perfect case for the reflection of such issue.