2012-2013年高州市麻疹流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Gaozhou city from 2012 to 2013

目的了解高州地区麻疹的发病特点和流行规律,为消除麻疹提供理论依据。方法收集高州市人民医院2012年1月至2013年8月感染内科收治住院的154例麻疹患者,对资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果麻疹病例主要集中在8月龄至6岁,共127例（82.42%）。8-12月龄为麻疹高发年龄段,共79例（51.29%）,与其他年龄段相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;其次为1-6岁,共48例（31.17%）。高发季节为4-7月,共100例（64.96%）;最高为4月,共32例（20.78%）;最低为12月,共3例（1.95%）。流动人口发病率（64.94%）高于常住人口（35.06%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。出现并发症共49例,约占31.82%,其中肝损害9例（18.38%）。结论麻疹有向低龄化发病趋势,成人麻疹患者易出现肝损害,医院要加强防控措施,提高麻疹疫苗强化免疫接种率,控制麻疹疫情院内感染。

Objective To analysis population distribution, seasonal distribution, age distribution, and clinical manifestations of measles patients from 2012 to 2013 in Gaozhou city and provide a theoretical basis for the measles elimination. Methods154 cases hospitalized patients of the infectious internal medicine department were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results The age of measles cases in Gaozhou city was mainly concentrated in the eight months old to 6 years old. There were127 cases（82.42%） in the above age range. And there were 79 cases（51.29%） at age of 8 to 12 months old, which was significantly higher than that of other age group, P0.05. There were 48 cases（31.17%） at age of 1-6 years. The high incidence season of measles was from April to July（total 100 cases（64.96%））. The highest season was April with a disease incidence of 20.78%（32 cease） and the lowest season was December with a disease incidence of 1.95%（3 cease）. Disease incidence of floating population was 64.94%, which was higher than that of resident population（35.06%）. There were 49 cases occurred complications and the ratio was 31.82%. There were 9 cases occurred liver damage and the ratio was 18.38%.Conclusion The age of patients with measles trend to be younger and there was a higher ratio occuring liver damage on the adult measles patients. So prevention and control measures should be strengthened to improve measles immunization coverage and control nosocomial infection of measles outbreaks.