婴幼儿与年长儿肺炎支原体肺炎的临床特征及对比分析

Comparative analysis on the clinical manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia between infants and older children

目的提高对婴幼儿与年长儿肺炎支原体肺炎的临床认识。方法回顾性分析310例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿临床表现及实验室检查、影像资料与年龄之间的关系。结果婴幼儿（0~3岁）以咳嗽及喘息为著,肺部罗音多见,发热不明显,胸部影像学以小叶性肺炎多见,并发症少,合并呼吸道病毒感染者较多;而年长儿（〉3岁）以发热及刺激性咳嗽为著,肺部体征不明显,易出现大叶性肺炎改变,易合并胸腔积液,肺不张,并发症多,合并EB病毒感染者较多。结论婴幼儿与年长儿肺炎支原体肺炎的临床特征有显著差异,根据其特点对诊治有所帮助。

Objective To improve the clinical understanding of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP） in infants and older children. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory testing and imaging data of 310 children with MPP as well as the relationship between the above mentioned data and age. Results Coughing, wheezing, pulmonary rale and respiratory viral infections were significantly higher in infants （aged between 0 and 3 years）, but fever was not obvious. Chest imaging showed that lobular pneumonia was more common, but the complications were fewer. Fever, irritat- ing cough, lobar pneumonia, pleural effusion, atdectasis, complications and Epstein Ban＂ （EB） virus infection were significant- ly higher in older children （aged 〉 3 years）, but no obvious pulmonary signs were found. Conclusions There are significant differences in the clinical manifestations of MPP between infants and older children; and hence, the diagnosis and treatment should be performed based on their clinical characteristics.