俄罗斯与“欧洲的没落”——黑塞论“俄罗斯灵魂”

Russia and “The Decline of Europe”——Hesse's Viewpoint on the “Russian Soul”

1946年诺贝尔奖得主赫尔曼·黑塞把"俄罗斯灵魂"阐释为原始基督精神的体现,即爱、信仰和受苦的精神。他认为这种精神正是欧洲理性和物质文明发展到极致之后的精神故乡,是欧洲走向新生的老师。黑塞在陀思妥耶夫斯基的"未来人"形象身上看到原始基督精神,也看到对传统道德和旧秩序的破坏力量,它们促使旧欧洲的没落,也意味着新欧洲的诞生。黑塞出于对现代文明的反思,主要把俄罗斯文化理解为欧洲的拯救者,虽然对政治国家意义上的俄国持否定态度,但他能以宽容之心接纳它的存在。

Hermann Hesse, the Nobel Prize winner in 1946, interpreted the Russian Soul as original Christian spirit, namely the ability of love, faith, and suffering. This spirit, in Hesse＇ s viewpoint, is the European spiritual homeland and the leader towards its newbirth after it having developed to the maximum extent in Logos and advanced material progress. On this image of ＂Future Man＂ from Dostoevsky, Hesse had seen this spirit and the power to undermine the traditional morality and the old order, which prompted the decline of old Europe and also meant the birth of a new Europe. Out of the reflection on modem civilization, Hesse primarily understood the Russian culture as the savior of Europe. With a negative sense of the state in political aspect, Hesse still accepted it with the heart of tolerance.