中国湿地自然保护区、湿地公园和国际重要湿地的空间结构分析

Analysis of Spatial Structure on Wetland Nature Reserves,Wetland Parks and International Important Wetlands in China

基于国家林业局网站和谷歌地球网站等,获取中国国家级湿地自然保护区、国家湿地公园、国家城市湿地公园和国际重要湿地等相关数据,从地理学的区域、空间等维度进行湿地自然保护区的空间结构分析及其与经济发展水平的相关性分析。结果表明,1在区域分布上,国家级湿地自然保护区和湿地公园主要分布于海拔500 m以下的东部季风区,尤其主要在长江、黄河流域周边分布;从中国特殊的三大经济带发展来看,湿地自然保护区因自然条件按中、西、东顺序依次减少,呈"山"字型地域分布结构;国家城市湿地公园因位于城市而受经济发展因素影响,呈东、中、西"阶梯状"分布。2在空间结构上,国家级湿地自然保护区和湿地公园在全国及各省市区域内都呈凝聚型分布,其主要集中分布于长三角地区以及湘鄂交界处、山东中部和黑龙江、吉林交界处。

At present, there are about 6.94×107ha wetlands in China, accounting for 10% of wetlands in the world, and has become the largest one in Asia, and the forth one in the world. The related data for national wetland nature reserves, national wetland parks, national urban wetland parks and international important wetlands were derived from the websites of the State Forestry Administration and Google Earth in this paper. And91 national wetland nature reserves and 213 national wetland parks and 43 national urban wetland parks in China as an example, by using some specific methods to analyze the spatial structure of them from the dimensions of area and space in geography. The nearest distance index was used to determine the overall structure type, geographic concentration index and kernel density estimation were used to research on the area focused on, Gini coefficient was utilized to describe the differences in the distribution. The results showed that the national wetland nature reserves and national wetlands parks were mainly distributed at the eastern monsoon region that regional altitude is below 500 m, especially around the Yangtze River and Yellow River. The wetland reserves, which reduced in turn due to natural conditions in accordance with the central, western and eastern order. The national urban wetland parks were＂ladder-like＂distribution due to economic development. The wetland reserves were a type of agglomeration distribution over whole country. Most reserves were distributed in Heilongjiang and Shandong provinces, and then Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin and Anhui provinces, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The reserves and parks in 9 provinces accounted for 53.31% of total amount in China. The reserves and parks mainly concentrated on the core area of the Yangtze River Delta region and three secondary core areas at the junction of Hunan and Hubei provinces, Shandong province in central, at the junction of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces.