国家湿地公园建设成效评价指标体系及其应用——以湖南千龙湖国家湿地公园为例

System of Evaluation Indicators of Construction Effect of National Wetland Park and Its Application——A Case of Qianlong Lake National Wetland Park in Hunan Province

近年来,国家湿地公园在中国得到了快速发展。对国家湿地公园的建设成效进行科学、客观和全面的评价对保障其健康持续发展具有重要意义。运用层次分析法,根据国家湿地公园的特点,提出并建立了国家湿地公园建设成效评价指标体系,包括生态保护成效、社会成效、经济成效、基本建设成效和可持续性成效5个方面25个指标。以湖南千龙湖国家湿地公园为例,应用模糊综合评价方法对其建设成效进行初步评价。结果表明,湖南千龙湖国家湿地公园建设成效的评价结果为(0.080 7,0.351 6,0.423 3,0.132 1,0.012 4),处于"中"的状态;其生态保护成效、社会成效、经济成效、基本建设成效和可持续性成效的评价结果分别为"中"、"良"、"中"、"差"和"良";地表水水质、旅游人数、科普宣教、科研监测、保护管理设施设备和收入支出比值是湖南千龙湖国家湿地公园建设成效的主要影响因素。该评价指标体系可为其他国家湿地公园建设成效的评价提供参考。

In recent years, the national wetland parks in China have been rapidly developed. To ensure the sustainable and healthy development of national wetland parks, it＇s essential to launch a scientific, objective and comprehensive evaluation for their construction effects. By using the analytic hierarchy process（AHP）, we proposed here an evaluation indicator system of construction effect of national wetland park including 5 aspects 25 targets according to the characteristics of national wetland park. The five aspects are ecological protection effect, social effect, economic effect, basic construction effect and sustainable effect. Taking the Qianlong Lake National Wetland Park in Hunan province as an example, the construction effect was preliminarily assessed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and AHP. The results showed that the evaluation results of the construction effect of Qianlong Lake National Wetland Park in Hunan province were in the ＂medium＂ state with scores as 0.080 7, 0.351 6, 0.423 3, 0.132 1, and 0.012 4; the evaluation results of its ecological effect, social effect, economic effect, the basic construction effect and sustainable effect were ＂medium＂, ＂good＂, ＂medium＂, ＂poor＂ and ＂good＂, respectively; the main factors affecting the construction effect of Qianlong Lake National Wetland Park in Hunan province were quality of surface water, tourism, science and education, scientific research and monitoring, protective equipment and revenue management infrastructure expenditure ratio. The assessment indicator system and evaluation method in this paper was effective in the case of the Qianlonghu Lake National Wetland Park, which would provide references for evaluating other national wetland park construction effect.