脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者照顾压力及影响因素分析

Analysis on caring pressure and influencing factors of main family care-givers of stroke patients

目的分析脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者照顾压力及影响因素。方法选择2012年1月-2014年6月住院的脑卒中患者家属155名作为调查对象,调查内容包括主要照顾者的一般资料、照顾压力等,分析影响照顾者照顾压力的相关因素。结果 99例患者照顾者照顾压力总分≥7分,占63.9%。身体、社交压力方面,生活受限排在第1位,其次为生活不方便,身体疲惫、睡眠被打扰、家庭正常生活被打乱,个人时间需要满足其他人需要阳性率最低。工作经济压力方面,个人计划发生改变的阳性率最高,其次为工作受到影响、有经济方面的压力。心理压力维度,感到精疲力竭/焦头烂额排第1位,其次为因患者的改变而感到沮丧、患者的行为令人苦恼和情绪改变。患者日常生活活动能力（ADL）分值、照顾者照顾天数、共同照顾者的数目与照顾者的照顾压力具有相关性（P〈0.01）。患者依赖性越强则照顾者的照顾压力越大,共同照顾者的数目越少照顾者的照顾压力越大,照顾时间为28-〈180 d的照顾者照顾压力最大。多因素分析结果显示共同照顾者数目、患者的ADL与照顾者照顾压力具有相关性（P〈0.05）。结论脑卒中患者家庭主要照顾者的照顾压力相对较大,而患者的ADL、共同照顾者的数目与照顾者的照顾压力具有相关性。

Objective To analyze caring pressure and influencing factors of main family caregivers of stroke patients.Methods One hundred and fifty five family caregivers of stroke patients in hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were selected as survey objects. The survey content included general data of primary caregivers and caring pressure. Influencing factors of caring pressure of caregivers were analyzed. Results The total caring pressure score of 99 cases of caregivers was more than 7 points, accounting for 63.9%. In physical, social pressure dimension, life limitation was section 1, and next items were life inconvenient, physical fatigue, disturbed sleep, normal family life been disrupted.The positive rate of the time required to meet the individual needs of other people was the lowest. In working economic pressures, positive rate of individual plans changing was the highest, and next items were work been affected and economic pressure. In psychological stress dimensions, feeling exhausted / battered was section 1, and next items were frustrated due to changes in the patients, the patient＇s behavior distressing and mood distressing. Scores of activities of daily living（ADL）, days of caregivers to take care, the numbers of co-caregivers were relevant with caring pressure（P〈0.01）. The stronger the dependence of the patients was, the greater the caring pressure of caregivers was; the less the number of co-caregivers was, the greater the caring pressure of caregivers was; and caregivers with 28-180 d of taking care time showed the most stressful. Multivariate analysis showed that, the number of shared care, ADL of patients were relevant with caring pressure of caregivers（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The caring pressure of main family caregivers of stroke patients is relatively strong, and ADL, the number of shared care are relevant with caring pressure of caregivers.