广西甘蔗栽培技术的发展进步

Development and progress of sugarcane farming technologies in Guangxi,China

近年来,广西在甘蔗栽培技术研发和集成应用方面取得了较好成果。广西从20世纪80年代起不断选育推广甘蔗优良新品种,在此基础上研发并集成推广应用一系列先进适宜的栽培技术,主要包括蔗地机械深耕深松、智能化施肥、蔗叶还田、节水灌溉、脱毒健康种苗、酒精发酵液定量还田、化学调控、甘蔗生产管理机械化和病虫草鼠综合防治等。但在广西甘蔗生产中,仍然存在机械化收获应用范围小、施肥过量、主栽品种急需新品种替代、旱坡地大面积种植、宿根年限短等急需解决的问题。因此,今后需要加强甘蔗生产全程机械化,降低生产成本,提高国际竞争力;应充分利用甘蔗的生物固氮及土壤微生物固氮、解磷、解钾、促生等特性,进行合理施肥,有效减少化肥施用量,提高肥料利用率;加强甘蔗健康种苗技术的应用,并结合优良甘蔗新品种的繁殖推广,提高甘蔗种苗质量,为甘蔗高产高糖打好基础;大力推广宿根性极强的高产高糖优良甘蔗品种,如桂糖29号、桂糖32号、桂糖40号等,收获后及时进行宿根蔗管理,延长宿根年限;加强旱地甘蔗高产高糖栽培技术体系在无有效灌溉条件蔗区的推广应用,实现旱地甘蔗高产稳产。

In recent years, the better achievements in exploiting and comprehensively applying the sugarcane farming technologies were obtained in Guangxi, China. Since 1980 ＇s, based on new sugarcane varieties breeding and popularization, Guangxi began to exploit and comprehensively apply a series of advanced appropriate farming technologies in commercial sugarcane production, and has formed an advanced technology system since 1990 ＇s. These technologies include deep plough and fine preparation of soil, intellectual fertilization system, trash addition to field,water saving irrigation, pathogen-free healthy seedcane, rational application of vinasse as a liquid fertilizer, chemical control, machine operation for sugarcane management, and comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests, weeds and rats, etc. At present, there exist some problems needing to be solved in sugarcane production, viz., less application of mechanized harvesting, excessive fertilization, urgent need of substituted new varieties to main cultivars,large area planting in the dry sloping fields, and short ratoon cane years, etc. Therefore, the mechanized planting,management and harvesting in sugarcane production should be strengthened in Guangxi to decrease production cost and enhance international competiveness. The biological fixation of nitrogen in sugarcane and characteristics of nitrogen fixation, phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing, growth promoting for soil microbe should be applied to reduce fertilizer application and enhance its utilization rate. The application of pathogen-free healthy seedcane technology should be strengthened in sugarcane production to enhance seedcane quality based on the propagation and extension ofnew fine varieties. The fine high-yield and high-sucrose sugarcane varieties with strong ratoon cane, viz., Guitang29, Guitang 32, and Guitang 40, etc., should be extended at a large scale and given timely management after harvesting to elongate the ratoon cane years. Furthermore, the farming technological system of high-yield and high-sucrose sugarcane in dry land should be extended and applied in planting regions without effective irrigation conditions to keep high-yield and stable-yield of sugarcane.