“道”的发现：论道家哲学对人的生存境域的开拓

The Discovery of Tao： On the Different Human Existence Realm Developed by Taoist Philosophy

在老子之前“天”是至上之神，统辖人间万物，自然现象、伦理、道德、灾祸等无不在天的主宰下。在这样背景下，人的存在境域非常狭小，一切都在天的意志之下展开他们的生存价值。道家哲学的出现将人同为“域中四大”．将人与天放在一体的位置上，逐一消解了“天”的宗教神权外衣，还“天”以自然。道家哲学对入境的这一开拓．为将大自然和万物纳入人的审美视域提供了厚实的哲学基础。人的存在不再局限于人与人之间的关系，在君臣、父子、夫妇等关系之外，走出了一个不同于儒家的生存境域，从而在更加广阔的层面上构成了中国传统知识分子的独特品质。

Before Laozi, Heaven was the supreme God who managed all including natural phenomena, ethic, morality and catastrophes. Under such circumstances, all human＇s existence and values were under supreme God＇s will. The appearance of Taoist philosophy discarded the idea and dispelled the superstition of heaven, which constructed a solid realm existence different from the Confucian living mode and it became unique characteristics of Chinese traditional intellectuals.