香蕉-水稻轮作联合添加有机物料防控香蕉枯萎病研究

Effects of rice rotation incorporated with organic materials on suppression of banana Fusarium wilt disease

香蕉枯萎病是一种由尖孢镰刀菌引起的土传病害,枯萎病的发生对香蕉产业造成严重的冲击。本文针对香蕉枯萎病难以防控的难题,采用水稻轮作同时添加有机物料(椰糠、稻秆和桉树皮)的方法,研究了其对香蕉枯萎病高发病蕉园土壤中尖孢镰刀菌(FOC)和其他微生物数量的影响及其对香蕉枯萎病的防控效果。结果表明,轮作水稻可以显著减少土壤中FOC的数量,从而降低香蕉枯萎病的发病率。其中轮作水稻处理比未淹水未种植水稻处理FOC的数量下降了71.5%,下茬香蕉枯萎病发病率降低了81.7%;与未种植水稻但淹水的处理相比FOC数量下降了47.8%,下茬香蕉枯萎病发病率降低了71.2%;种植水稻同时添加水稻秸秆能够显著增强病原菌的杀灭效果和对下茬香蕉枯萎病的防控效果,相比未添加物料轮作水稻处理,尖孢镰刀菌数量下降了36.2%,下茬香蕉枯萎病发病率降低了50.0%。同时,水稻轮作同时添加有机物料处理及其下茬香蕉的种植,对土壤中可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均具有不同的影响。其中水稻种植期间不同处理的可培养真菌与放线菌数量随着时间的增加整体呈下降趋势,而在种植香蕉后随时间的增加呈上升趋势;土壤中可培养细菌的数量在水稻种植与香蕉种植期间随着时间的增加未呈现出规律性。结论:水稻轮作联合稻秆的添加能有效降低土壤中FOC的数量和下茬香蕉枯萎病的发病率。

Banana Fusarium wilt disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense（FOC）race 4 and repor-ted to be the most limiting factor in banana production worldwide. The effects of rice rotation incorporated with organic materials（coconut,straw and stingy bark）on FOC population and banana disease incidence were investi-gated in this study. The results showed that FOC population and the disease incidence in rice rotation soils de-creased by 71.5% and 81.7% ,respectively,compared with the control,and decreased by 47.8% and 71.2% ,re-spectively,compared with that in flooding soils without rice rotation. In addition,incorporating rice straw into rice rotation system enhanced the control effects. FOC population and the disease incidence decreased by 36.2% and 50.0% ,respectively,compared with rice rotation. Meanwhile,rice rotation incorporated with organic materials and afterculture banana planting resulted in different effects on the population of culturable soil fungi,bacteria and ac-tinomycetes. The abundance of culturable fungi and actinomycetes showed decreasing trend during rice planting, while increasing trend were observed during banana planting;no regularity for the abundance of culturable bacte-ria was shown during rice and banana planting. In conclusion,rice rotation incorporated with straws effectively reduced the FOC number and controlled afterculture banana Fusarium wilt disease.