初探国内外高校建筑使用者用能行为及成因

Energy Use Behavior and Its Causes in Campus Buildings at Home and Abroad

选取中国一所典型综合型高校及澳大利亚某知名综合型高校,对其建筑内使用者的用能行为及其可能的影响因素展开对比调研。调研内容包括建筑中使用者各类用能行为、节能意识、使用者对建筑节能设计及优化运行等信息的了解程度和了解途径等。通过分析,了解建筑使用者的用能行为是否节能,以及上述因素是否对其用能行为产生影响及影响程度。分析结果表明,国内外高校建筑使用者的用能行为均存在很大浪费,其节能潜力很大。建筑使用者均能意识到建筑运行节能的重要性,但在建筑实际运行的过程中,大部分使用者并没有注重用能的节约,且这种情况在国外更甚。此外,国内高校建筑使用者对建筑节能的相关知识均不太了解,且由于获取信息的渠道较少甚至不存在,大部分建筑使用者无法全面了解甚至不能了解其所在建筑的节能设计及运行的相关反馈信息,从而无法对其用能行为进行合理引导。国外高校在这方面的现状要略好于国内,但也不甚理想。因此,在国内外高校中制定建筑用能定额制度及日常用能行为的奖惩制度,并结合教育、宣传等手段,加强建筑节能知识的普及,营造积极的节能氛围,并提高建筑使用者在建筑优化设计和节能运行中的参与程度,对高校行为节能有重要作用。

A typical comprehensive university in China and a famous comprehensive university in Australia were selected, and the investigations on energy use behavior of the occupants in campus buildings and its influencing factors in the two universities were conducted. Investigation includes the main occupant behaviors of using different appliances, energy-saving awareness, the extents of the familiarity with the information on the energy conservation design and optimal operation of the buildings, and approaches to get the information. The analysis focuses on whether occupant behavior is energy-efficient and the impact of the above information on occupant behavior. The result shows occupant behavior at home and abroad both cause vast waste, which also means there＇s great energy-saving potential. Both users can realize the importance of energy saving in building operation, but not pay attention to energy efficiency in the process of actual operation, which is more common abroad. In addition, users of the domestic university have insufficient knowledge related to building energy efficiency, and most users can＇t fully get relevant feedback on building energy-saving design and operation due to the lack of access to information. The foreign university is slightly better in this area, but still not very ideal. Therefore, several methods can play important role in promoting energy-saving behavior in universities including a system of energy quotas with rewards and penalties, and popularizing energy-saving knowledge and creating a positive atmosphere of energy efficiency by education and propaganda means. Besides that, user participation in building optimization and energy-saving operation should also be increased.